http://2ndlook.wordpress.com/2009/02/17/what-happened-to-alexanders-loot-from-india/http://2ndlook.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/babylonian-astronomy-the-indo-assyrian-roots/ http://2ndlook.wordpress.com/2009/02/28/3-battles-that-changed-world-history-and-india/
http://2ndlook.wordpress.com/2009/01/23/alexanders-conquest-of-india/
http://2ndlook.wordpress.com/2009/08/04/destruction-of-takshashila-a-defining-moment/
http://india_resource.tripod.com/indian-languages.htmlArticle above explains how Tamil and Sanskrit are sister languages, and closer than Sanskrit is to other branches of Indo European..both share same syllabic placement, alphabet to writing/spoken structure (Greek is very different in this regard as are others outside of India), same Subject noun verb placement.
Encyclopedia Brittanica (in Search Dravidian languages):
The presence of Dravidian loanwords in the Rigveda implies that Dravidian and Aryan speakers were, by the time of its composition, fused into one speech community in the great Indo-Gangetic Plain, while independent communities of Dravidian speakers had moved to the periphery of the Indo-Aryan area (Brahui in the northwest, Kurukh-Malto in the east, and Gondi-Kui in the east and central India). 'In this view, the early Indus Valley civilization (Harappa and Mohenjo Daro) is often identified as having been Dravidian. [6]. Cultural and linguistic similarities have been cited by researches such as Finnish Indologist Asko Parpola as being strong evidence for a proto-Dravidian origin of the ancient Indus Valley civilization. Remember there is no other genetic race in INDIA, Dravida refers to language group& There is no other genetic race in India whoever created Indus Valley civilization: this much is fact &proven: Tamil Sangams were present (Dravida is a term Brit gave to S. Indians language group" to divide India light north dark south- See proof of this by typing Tamils Mahabharata War into Google (same time of Indus Valley Civilization) -Vedic culture was dominant in south &north India then &now. Tamil Sanskrit link into Google (these are sister languages).
rabin46 (5 months ago)
Alexander's Waterloo in Sindh - By K R Malkhani,Ancient India - By V. D. Mahajan , Alexander, the Ordinary - By Prof. Dinesh Agarwal , Vedic Physics - By Raja Ram Mohan Roy , Discovery of India - By Jawaharlal Nehru,India Discovered - By John Keay ,In Search of The Cradle of Civilization: : New Light on Ancient India - By Georg Feuerstein, Subhash Kak & David Frawley
Alexander's Waterloo in Sindh - By K R Malkhani,Ancient India - By V. D. Mahajan , Alexander, the Ordinary - By Prof. Dinesh Agarwal , Vedic Physics - By Raja Ram Mohan Roy , Discovery of India - By Jawaharlal Nehru,India Discovered - By John Keay ,In Search of The Cradle of Civilization: : New Light on Ancient India - By Georg Feuerstein, Subhash Kak & David Frawley
There are even several well known western historians like Alain Danielou and Mark Twain (served as VP in Council of International Affairs)that doubt the claim that Alexander defeated Porus. Anyways, I love Greek history as well, but in order to understand Greece one has to understand the ancient world , as Greece is not an early civilization its a very late one that imported most of it thoughts especially out of India and Europeanized it, in order to understand Greece it is a must that one understands the Avestic (also written right to left like Hebrew) and Vedic civilizations.
My addition: First Greek Literatures 700 BC by Hesoid First Greek Alphabet 1200 BC Latin new lanugage: 6th Cent BC- & Hebrew literatures arose 1200 BC in Palestine (Hebrew & Arabic both written right to left). Vedic literatures have been proven via relevant astronomical dating 3000BC Mahabharata, Bhagavad Gita are known to be oldest literatures (at time of Indus Valley CivilizationHarappa and Mojendaro sites - see Krishna's city Dwaarka Uncovered (these literatures are written in Sanskrit mother of Hindi). Myths that Vedic scriptures had caste discrimination= false. Vedic scriptures also promoted vegetarianism and vegetarianism only! Sulba Sutras predate all math & trigonometry & geometry are origin Sanskrit (as Navigation is as well).
Alexander is supposed to have invaded the Punjab in 326 B.C. Every schoolboy is taught and is expected to know, that he invaded India's Northwest. Strangely, this event, so significant to Western historians, seemed to have entirely escaped the attention of Sanskrit authors. Nowhere did Sir William Jones, (1746-1794),who came to India as a judge of the Supreme Court at Calcutta and pioneered Sanskrit studies, find any mention of Greeks or any sign of Greek influence.
British historian Vincent A. Smith, conservatively appraised the impact of Alexander's invasion as follows:"The Greek influence never penetrated deeply (into the Indic civilization)...On the other hand, the West learned something from India in consequence of the communications opened up by Alexander's adventure. Our knowledge of the facts is so scanty and fragmentary that it is difficult to make any positive assertions with confidence, but it is safe to say that the influence of Buddhist ideas on Christian doctrine may be traced in the Gnostic forms of Christianity, if not elsewhere. The notions of Indian philosophy and religion which filtered into the Roman empire flowed through channels opened by Alexander."
It is well known also, that Christ spent a good number of years in India. Buddhism & Hinduism both predate Christianity (Buddhism by 500 years, Hinduism 2500 years). It is also noted that Christ himself studied in India (still In India) and spent a good portion of his youth in India.
rabin46 (5 months ago)
According to Paul Masson-Oursel and others, "The importance of this Indian campaign of Alexander has been exaggerated. It had no decisive influence on the destinies of India, for its results were short-lived. H. G. Rawlinson, refers to the invasion, " had no immediate effect, and passed off like countless other invasions, leaving the country almost undisturbed." Vincent A. Smith " India remained unchanged. She was never Hellenised. She continued to live her life of splendid isolation, and forgot the passing of the Macedonian storm. No Indian author, Hindu, Buddhist, or Jain, makes even the faintest illusion to Alexander or his deeds."
(5 months ago)
Alain Danielou (1907-1994), son of French aristocracy, author of numerous books on philosophy, religion, history and arts of India, remarks that: "the Greeks were always speaking of India as the sacred territory of Dionysus and historians working under Alexander the Greek clearly mentions chronicles of the Puranas as sources of the myth of Dionysus." He quotes Clement of Alexandria who admitted that "we the Greeks have stolen from the Barbarians their philosophy."
According to Paul Masson-Oursel and others, "The importance of this Indian campaign of Alexander has been exaggerated. It had no decisive influence on the destinies of India, for its results were short-lived. H. G. Rawlinson, refers to the invasion, " had no immediate effect, and passed off like countless other invasions, leaving the country almost undisturbed." Vincent A. Smith " India remained unchanged. She was never Hellenised. She continued to live her life of splendid isolation, and forgot the passing of the Macedonian storm. No Indian author, Hindu, Buddhist, or Jain, makes even the faintest illusion to Alexander or his deeds."
(5 months ago)
Alain Danielou (1907-1994), son of French aristocracy, author of numerous books on philosophy, religion, history and arts of India, remarks that: "the Greeks were always speaking of India as the sacred territory of Dionysus and historians working under Alexander the Greek clearly mentions chronicles of the Puranas as sources of the myth of Dionysus." He quotes Clement of Alexandria who admitted that "we the Greeks have stolen from the Barbarians their philosophy."
rabin46 (5 months ago)
Alexander fared badly enough with Porus in the Punjab. Indeed, Porus put him on the spot when he told him: ``To what purpose should we make war upon one another. if the design of your coming to these parts be not to rob us of our water or our necessary food, which are the only things that wise men are indispensably obliged to fight for?
rabin46 (5 months ago)
As for other riches and possessions, as they are accounted in the eyes of the world, if I am better provided of them than you, I am ready to let you share with me; but if fortune has been more liberal to you than to me, I have no objection to be obliged to you.'' Alexander had no reply to the questions posed by Porus. Instead, with the obstinacy of a bully, he said: ``I shall contend and do battle with you so far that, howsoever obliging you are, you shall not have the better of me
rabin46 (5 months ago)
''But Porus did have the better of Alexander. In the fighting that ensued, the Greeks were so terrified of Indian prowess that they refused to proceed farther, in spite of Alexander's angry urgings and piteous lamentations. Writes Plutarch, the great Greek historian: ``This last combat with Porus took off the edge of the Macedonians' courage and stayed their further progress in India.... Alexander not only offered Porus to govern his own kingdom as satrap under himself but gave him also the additional territory of various independent tribes whom he had subdued.'' Porus emerged from his war with Alexander with his territory doubled and his gold stock augmented. So much for Alexander's ``victory'' over Porus.
See Alexander the Great retreat in India Google
rabin46 (5 months ago)
However, what was to befall him in Sindh, was even worse. In his wars in Iran. Afghanistan, and north-west India, Alexander had made so many enemies that he did not dare return home by the same route he had come. He had, therefore, decided to travel via Sindh. But in Multan the Mallas gave him hell.
However, what was to befall him in Sindh, was even worse. In his wars in Iran. Afghanistan, and north-west India, Alexander had made so many enemies that he did not dare return home by the same route he had come. He had, therefore, decided to travel via Sindh. But in Multan the Mallas gave him hell.
From: http://2ndlook.wordpress.com/2009/01/23/alexanders-conquest-of-india The main reason for India’s military eclipse was the economic reason – slavery. The use of slaves for economic production, gave a temporary edge to slave societies – which India did not have. Indian rulers, with limited options could not wage long term wars – as slave owning cultures could. Indian rulers, were hobbled by a system which dispersed property, wealth – unlike the rest of the world where it was concentrated in the hands of the few. India, which was never a slave-owning culture, could not muster resources to wage a 100 year war, like Europeans could – at a great cost to their societies. http://2ndlook.wordpress.com/2009/08/04/destruction-of-takshashila-a-defining-moment/
